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Selasa, 27 November 2012

Weather Report and Tables/Graphs

Weather Report and Tables/Graphs



Weather Report

The text is a weather report or weather forecast in spoken  form. A weather report is a prediction of weather.
Weather report usually find in a newspaper, on the radio or television.
The weather is predicted through application of the principles of physics and meteorologi.


Expressions used in a weather report :
ØA high of twenty degrees.
ØA low of -25.
Ø20 percent chance of snow.
ØMainly sunny.
ØSunny with cloudy periods.
Ørecord high/low.
ØAbove/below average temperatures.
ØA few flurries.
Ø5-day forecast.
ØTemperatures are going to drop/dip/plunge (go down quickly).
ØTemperatures are going to rise/soar/climb (go up quickly).
ØA warm/cold front is moving in (air from another region is arriving).

Name Of Wether :
Sunny  
Warm  
Hot
Mild    
Cold  
Freezing
Cloudy    
Foggy  
Smoggy
Rainy  
Wet  
Dry
Windy    
Snow  
Thunder
Mist    
Blizzard  
Fog
Hurricane  
Overcast  
Breeze


Weather report text :
  
Welcome to the Five O’clock News. My name is Margaret. I’m going to give you the
three-day weather forecast for Los Angeles.
The weather is unusually wet today. Heavy rain and snow may cause serious flooding.
The clouds are going to go away tomorrow. The day after tomorrow should be clear and
sunny.

Table and Graph

Table
Each table present facts and figures in compact form.
When we reading a table, there are several things that we need to pay atention to. They are, the table title, row or column labels, information given in individual cells and information given within rows and columns.


example table :




Graph

 Graphs is a visual, concise means of presenting information.
There are three basic kinds of graphs, they are Bar graphs, Line Graphs, and circle graphs or pie graphs.

Example Graph:

 



Expressing Satisfaction and Disatisfaction

Expressing Satisfaction and Disatisfaction

Expressing Satisfaction
When we would express satisfaction with one's work, we can use the expression:

     * Well done!
     * Great! Good work
     * I am satisfied with your work
     * You did well
     * Your job is satisfactory
     * I am so happy about this
     * I'm glad to what you've done
     * It's really satisfying

Expressing Disatisfaction
When we would express dissatisfaction with one's work, we can use:

     * I'm not satisfied with work
     * You have not done well enough
     * I am really dissappointed
     * Sorry, but your work is not satisfactory
     * Oh, no!
     * It's not very nice
     * It's reall
y not good enough

Noun Clauses

Noun Clauses



Definition:


A dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject,object, or complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause.
Two common types of noun clause in English are that-clauses andwh-clauses:
  • that-clause: I believe that everything happens for a reason.

  • wh-clause: How do I know what I think, until I seewhat I say?
Noun clause used as an object

He said something.

S V O

He said that he was sick.



Noun clause used as a subject

Something is your business.

S V

Whatever you do is your business.

Someone is still in the cafeteria.

S V

Whoever ate my lunch is still in the cafeteria.





What did he say?








What is your business?





Who is in the cafeteria?
The subordinator may take the "subject" or "object" position in a noun clause.



Note the usage of the following:
Henry loves Mary. (S V O)
Mary loves Jim. (S V O)
The person who(m) Lee loves is a secret.
The person who loves Tim is a secret.
Who(m) Henry loves is a secret.
Who loves Tim is a secret.

Mary is the "object" of the sentence.
Mary is the "subject" of the sentence.
Relative clause (subordinator in obj. position)
Relative clause (subordinator in subj. position)
Noun clause (subordinator in obj. position)
Noun clause (subordinator in subj. position)
Subordinators which are used in noun clauses:
(Some of these words are also used in Grammar: Relative Clauses and Grammar: Wh - Questions.)
that
what
who
whoever
whatever
whether

which
where
when
how
why
if

how much
how many
how long
how far
how often
whose
Remember to preserve word order in noun clauses:
I don't know who he is.
Whoever she is is not important.
Whatever is in the box is a mystery.
Can you tell me what he is doing?
She doesn't undestand why he is leaving.
I wonder how much that costs.
Do you know how long it will take?

So, Too, Either, Neither

So, Too, Either, Neither


The word 'so' and 'too' are useed to combine two positive statement with identical predicates to form a compound sentences.

so and too

 Unit 39. too/either so am I/neither do I etc.

 Formula:
so + auxiliary verb + subject
subject + auxiliaey verb + too

Example:

Nadya likes playing chess. Shandy also likes playing chess.
-Nadya likes playing  chess and so does shandy
-Nadya likes playing  chess and shandy does too

either and neither

Unit 39. too/either so am I/neither do I etc.

The word 'either' and 'neither' to combine two negative statements with identicalpredicates to form a compound sentence.
Formula:
Subject +  auxiliaey verb + not + either
neither + auxiliaey verb + subject
Example:
alvian is not doing his homework now. VIta is also not doing her homework.
-Alvian is not doing his homework now and vita is not either
-Alvian is not doing his homework now and neither is vita


Unit 39. too/either so am I/neither do I etc. Unit 39. too/either so am I/neither do I etc.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS


INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
 
 
 
An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite". Some typical indefinite pronouns are:
  • all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each, everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody/someone

Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or plural. However, some of them can be singular in one context and plural in another. The most common indefinite pronouns are listed below, with examples, as singular, plural or singular/plural.
Notice that a singular pronoun takes a singular verb AND that any personal pronoun should also agree(in number and gender). Look at these examples:
  • Each of the players has a doctor.
  • I met two girls. One has given me her phone number.
Similarly, plural pronouns need plural agreement:
  • Many have expressed their views.
pronounmeaningexample
singular
anotheran additional or different person or thingThat ice-cream was good. Can I haveanother?
anybody/anyoneno matter what personCan anyone answer this question?
anythingno matter what thingThe doctor needs to know if you have eaten anything in the last two hours.
eachevery one of two or more people or things, seen separatelyEach has his own thoughts.
eitherone or the other of two people or thingsDo you want tea or coffee? / I don't mind. Either is good for me.
enoughas much or as many as neededEnough is enough.
everybody/everyoneall peopleWe can start the meeting becauseeverybody has arrived.
everythingall thingsThey have no house or possessions. They lost everything in the earthquake.
lessa smaller amount"Less is more" (Mies van der Rohe)
littlea small amountLittle is known about his early life.
mucha large amountMuch has happend since we met.
neithernot one and not the other of two people or thingsI keep telling Jack and Jill but neitherbelieves me.
nobody/no-oneno personI phoned many times but nobodyanswered.
nothingno single thing, not anythingIf you don't know the answer it's best to say nothing.
onean unidentified personCan one smoke here? | All the students arrived but now one is missing.
othera different person or thing from one already mentionedOne was tall and the other was short.
somebody/someonean unspecified or unknown personClearly somebody murdered him. It was not suicide.
somethingan unspecified or unknown thingListen! I just heard something! What could it be?
youan unidentified person (informal)And you can see why.
plural
bothtwo people or things, seen togetherJohn likes coffee but not tea. I thinkboth are good.
fewa small number of people or thingsFew have ever disobeyed him and lived.
fewera reduced number of people or thingsFewer are smoking these days.
manya large number of people or thingsMany have come already.
othersother people; not usI'm sure that others have tried before us.
severalmore than two but not manyThey all complained and several left the meeting.
theypeople in general (informal)They say that vegetables are good for you.
singular or plural
allthe whole quantity of something or of some things or peopleAll is forgiven.
All have arrived.
anyno matter how much or how manyIs any left?
Are any coming?
morea greater quantity of something; a greater number of people or thingsThere is more over there.
More are coming.
mostthe majority; nearly allMost is lost.
Most have refused.
nonenot any; no person or personsThey fixed the water so why is nonecoming out of the tap?
I invited five friends but none have come.*
somean unspecified quantity of something; an unspecified number of people or thingsHere is some.
Some have arrived.
suchof the type already mentionedHe was a foreigner and he felt that he was treated as such.

* Some people say that "none" should always take a singular verb, even when talking about countable nouns (eg five friends). They argue that "none" means "no one", and "one" is obviously singular. They say that "I invited five friends but none has come" is correct and "I invited five friends but none have come" is incorrect. Historically and grammatically there is little to support this view. "None" has been used for hundreds of years with both a singular and a plural verb, according to the context and the emphasis required.