Weather Report and Tables/Graphs

Weather Report and Tables/Graphs

Weather Report

The text is a weather report or weather forecast in spoken  form. A weather report is a prediction of weather.

Weather report usually find in a newspaper, on the radio or television.

The weather is predicted through application of the principles of physics and meteorologi.

Expressions used in a weather report :

ØA high of twenty degrees.

ØA low of -25.

Ø20 percent chance of snow.

ØMainly sunny.

ØSunny with cloudy periods.

Ørecord high/low.

ØAbove/below average temperatures.

ØA few flurries.

Ø5-day forecast.

ØTemperatures are going to drop/dip/plunge (go down quickly).

ØTemperatures are going to rise/soar/climb (go up quickly).

ØA warm/cold front is moving in (air from another region is arriving).

Name Of Wether :

Sunny  

Warm  

Hot

Mild    

Cold  

Freezing

Cloudy    

Foggy  

Smoggy

Rainy  

Wet  

Dry

Windy    

Snow  

Thunder

Mist    

Blizzard  

Fog

Hurricane  

Overcast  

Breeze

Weather report text :

  

Welcome to the Five O’clock News. My name is Margaret. I’m going to give you the

three-day weather forecast for Los Angeles.

The weather is unusually wet today. Heavy rain and snow may cause serious flooding.

The clouds are going to go away tomorrow. The day after tomorrow should be clear and

sunny.

Table and Graph

Table

Each table present facts and figures in compact form.

When we reading a table, there are several things that we need to pay atention to. They are, the table title, row or column labels, information given in individual cells and information given within rows and columns.

example table :

Graph

 Graphs is a visual, concise means of presenting information.

There are three basic kinds of graphs, they are Bar graphs, Line Graphs, and circle graphs or pie graphs.

Example Graph:

 

Expressing Satisfaction and Disatisfaction

Expressing Satisfaction and Disatisfaction

Expressing Satisfaction

When we would express satisfaction with one's work, we can use the expression:

     * Well done!
     * Great! Good work
     * I am satisfied with your work
     * You did well
     * Your job is satisfactory
     * I am so happy about this
     * I'm glad to what you've done
     * It's really satisfying

Expressing Disatisfaction

When we would express dissatisfaction with one's work, we can use:

     * I'm not satisfied with work
     * You have not done well enough
     * I am really dissappointed
     * Sorry, but your work is not satisfactory
     * Oh, no!
     * It's not very nice
     * It's really not good enough

Noun Clauses

Noun Clauses

Definition:

A dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject,object, or complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause.

Two common types of noun clause in English are that-clauses andwh-clauses:

• that-clause: I believe that everything happens for a reason.


• wh-clause: How do I know what I think, until I seewhat I say?

Noun clause used as an object He said something. S V O He said that he was sick. Noun clause used as a subject Something is your business. S V Whatever you do is your business. Someone is still in the cafeteria. S V Whoever ate my lunch is still in the cafeteria.

What did he say? What is your business? Who is in the cafeteria?

The subordinator may take the "subject" or "object" position in a noun clause.

Note the usage of the following:

Henry loves Mary. (S V O) Mary loves Jim. (S V O) The person who(m) Lee loves is a secret. The person who loves Tim is a secret. Who(m) Henry loves is a secret. Who loves Tim is a secret.

Mary is the "object" of the sentence. Mary is the "subject" of the sentence. Relative clause (subordinator in obj. position) Relative clause (subordinator in subj. position) Noun clause (subordinator in obj. position) Noun clause (subordinator in subj. position)

Subordinators which are used in noun clauses:

(Some of these words are also used in Grammar: Relative Clauses and Grammar: Wh - Questions.)

that what who whoever whatever whether

which where when how why if

how much how many how long how far how often whose

Remember to preserve word order in noun clauses:

I don't know who he is.

Whoever she is is not important.

Whatever is in the box is a mystery.

Can you tell me what he is doing?

She doesn't undestand why he is leaving.

I wonder how much that costs.

Do you know how long it will take?

So, Too, Either, Neither

So, Too, Either, Neither

The word 'so' and 'too' are useed to combine two positive statement with identical predicates to form a compound sentences.

so and too

 

 Formula:
so + auxiliary verb + subject
subject + auxiliaey verb + too

Example:

Nadya likes playing chess. Shandy also likes playing chess.
-Nadya likes playing  chess and so does shandy
-Nadya likes playing  chess and shandy does too

either and neither

The word 'either' and 'neither' to combine two negative statements with identicalpredicates to form a compound sentence.
Formula:
Subject +  auxiliaey verb + not + either
neither + auxiliaey verb + subject
Example:
alvian is not doing his homework now. VIta is also not doing her homework.
-Alvian is not doing his homework now and vita is not either
-Alvian is not doing his homework now and neither is vita

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

 

 

 

An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite". Some typical indefinite pronouns are:

• all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each, everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody/someone

Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or plural. However, some of them can be singular in one context and plural in another. The most common indefinite pronouns are listed below, with examples, as singular, plural or singular/plural.

Notice that a singular pronoun takes a singular verb AND that any personal pronoun should also agree(in number and gender). Look at these examples:

• Each of the players has a doctor.
• I met two girls. One has given me her phone number.

Similarly, plural pronouns need plural agreement:

• Many have expressed their views.

pronoun	meaning	example
singular
another	an additional or different person or thing	That ice-cream was good. Can I haveanother?
anybody/anyone	no matter what person	Can anyone answer this question?
anything	no matter what thing	The doctor needs to know if you have eaten anything in the last two hours.
each	every one of two or more people or things, seen separately	Each has his own thoughts.
either	one or the other of two people or things	Do you want tea or coffee? / I don't mind. Either is good for me.
enough	as much or as many as needed	Enough is enough.
everybody/everyone	all people	We can start the meeting becauseeverybody has arrived.
everything	all things	They have no house or possessions. They lost everything in the earthquake.
less	a smaller amount	"Less is more" (Mies van der Rohe)
little	a small amount	Little is known about his early life.
much	a large amount	Much has happend since we met.
neither	not one and not the other of two people or things	I keep telling Jack and Jill but neitherbelieves me.
nobody/no-one	no person	I phoned many times but nobodyanswered.
nothing	no single thing, not anything	If you don't know the answer it's best to say nothing.
one	an unidentified person	Can one smoke here? | All the students arrived but now one is missing.
other	a different person or thing from one already mentioned	One was tall and the other was short.
somebody/someone	an unspecified or unknown person	Clearly somebody murdered him. It was not suicide.
something	an unspecified or unknown thing	Listen! I just heard something! What could it be?
you	an unidentified person (informal)	And you can see why.
plural
both	two people or things, seen together	John likes coffee but not tea. I thinkboth are good.
few	a small number of people or things	Few have ever disobeyed him and lived.
fewer	a reduced number of people or things	Fewer are smoking these days.
many	a large number of people or things	Many have come already.
others	other people; not us	I'm sure that others have tried before us.
several	more than two but not many	They all complained and several left the meeting.
they	people in general (informal)	They say that vegetables are good for you.
singular or plural
all	the whole quantity of something or of some things or people	All is forgiven. All have arrived.
any	no matter how much or how many	Is any left? Are any coming?
more	a greater quantity of something; a greater number of people or things	There is more over there. More are coming.
most	the majority; nearly all	Most is lost. Most have refused.
none	not any; no person or persons	They fixed the water so why is nonecoming out of the tap? I invited five friends but none have come.*
some	an unspecified quantity of something; an unspecified number of people or things	Here is some. Some have arrived.
such	of the type already mentioned	He was a foreigner and he felt that he was treated as such.

* Some people say that "none" should always take a singular verb, even when talking about countable nouns (eg five friends). They argue that "none" means "no one", and "one" is obviously singular. They say that "I invited five friends but none has come" is correct and "I invited five friends but none have come" is incorrect. Historically and grammatically there is little to support this view. "None" has been used for hundreds of years with both a singular and a plural verb, according to the context and the emphasis required.

PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT AND POSTER

PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT AND POSTER

Definition: 
A public service announcement is an advertisement that a television or radio station airs for a cause or a charity. They can tout the importance of medical check-ups for children or ask you to donate to the Salvation Army's bellringers.

Public service announcements are not paid advertising. A broadcaster donates the ad time as part of its commitment to serve the public interest.

You'll typically see public service announcements airing during weaker time slots or on stations with less share of the advertising market than their competitors. Stations tend to use these announcements as fillers during commercial breaks.

Some stations make a decision to devote a certain number of ad slots to PSAs, particularly for a campaign that has local impact. In a city with a high teenage pregnancy rate, a Top 40 radio station that is top-ranked with a young audience could air announcements on abstinence or birth control throughout its broadcast day.

While stations have a government mandate to serve the public interest, they are under no requirement to run general PSAs. If a station has a paid commercial to run in a 30 second slot, that ad will get priority over a non-paid announcement.

Example:

10 Second SPOT

WE COME FROM ALL WALKS OF LIFE, BUT WE TRAVEL DOWN THE SAME ROAD. LOOK FOR MOTORCYCLES & SHARE THE ROAD. THIS MESSAGE BROUGHT TO YOU BY ABATE of ARKANSAS, www.arkansasabate.org

15 SECOND SPOT

ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS ARE AT RISK FOR A POTENTIALLY DEADLY DISEASE CALLED MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS (PRONOUNCED MEN-IN-JO-KOK-UL MEN-IN-JI-TIS).

IMMUNIZATION AND GOOD HYGIENE MAY HELP PREVENT MOST CASES.  ASK YOUR DOCTOR ABOUT NEW RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VACCINATION.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT W-W-W- DOT-N-M-A-U-S-DOT-O-R-G.

30 SECOND SPOT

DID YOU KNOW THAT ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS ARE AT INCREASED RISK FOR A POTENTIALLY DEADLY DISEASE CALLED MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS (PRONOUNCED MEN-IN-JO-KOK-UL MEN-IN-JI-TIS)?

NEW VACCINATION RECOMMENDATIONS HAVE RECENTLY BEEN APPROVED  FOR TEENS AND COLLEGE STUDENTS WHO ARE AT AN INCREASED RISK FOR CONTRACTING THIS DISEASE.  IMMUNIZATION AND GOOD HYGIENE MAY HELP PREVENT MOST CASES IN TEENS AND YOUNG ADULTS. 

TALK TO YOUR CHILD’S DOCTOR ABOUT IMMUNIZATION OR VISIT W-W-W- DOT-N-M-A-U-S-DOT-O-R-G.

60 SECOND SPOT

DID YOU KNOW THAT ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS ARE AT INCREASED RISK FOR A POTENTIALLY DEADLY DISEASE CALLED MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS (PRONOUNCED MEN-IN-JO-KOK-UL MEN-IN-JI-TIS)?

IN FACT, ONE IN FOUR TEENS INFECTED MAY DIE.  ANOTHER 20 PERCENT SUFFER PERMANENT DISABILITIES INCLUDING ORGAN DAMAGE AND LIMB AMPUTATIONS.  

NEW VACCINATION RECOMMENDATIONS HAVE RECENTLY BEEN APPROVED  FOR TEENS AND COLLEGE STUDENTS WHO ARE AT AN INCREASED RISK FOR CONTRACTING THIS DISEASE.  IMMUNIZATION AND GOOD HYGIENE MAY HELP PREVENT MOST CASES IN TEENS AND YOUNG ADULTS. 

TALK TO YOUR CHILD’S DOCTOR ABOUT IMMUNIZATION OR VISIT W-W-W- DOT-N-M-A-U-S-DOT-O-R-G.

POSTER

Poster is a  placard or intended for posting in a public place, as for adversiting.

Example Poster:

 

 

Transitions : Moreover, Furthermore, In Addition, Therefore, Consequently

Transitions : Moreover, Furthermore, In Addition, Therefore, Consequently

Moreover

• Moreover is usually used to introduce the second of two points that argue for a certain viewpoint. The second item supports and reinforces the claim introduced by the first item. moreover would tend to introduce a new topic linked to and supporting the old one.

Furthermore

•      You can use Furthermore when you want to add another point to a list of two or more items in support of an argument. Furthermore indicates the expansion of an existing idea without introducing new concepts.

In addition

•      In addition tends to be more often used when describing a situation. For example, use in addition to add another action, fact, or the feature to a list that characteristic an object or concept. Unlike moreover and furthermore, in addition is not commonly used for arguing or supporting a viewpoint.

Therefore and Consequently

•      Therefore and Consequently mean as a result or consequence of an incident or event that connecting of two or more point. The second item as a result by first item.

Example

• ·         Billy  is a naughty student, consequently many students avoid him
• ·         My house is a long way from school therefore I will ride my bicycle
• ·         Now is raining hard consequently I can’t  go out tonight
• ·         The store is near from my house therefore I would shop there 
• ·         Grace is a kind and great girl moreover she is beautiful and funny. Many people like her
• ·         I believe that I can complete the marathon in under 3 hours.  Furthermore ,I believe that I can win it
• ·         I will study hard for this test furthermore if I get a good score my father will give me a new handphone
• ·         The song is good. In addition, the lyrics is easy to remember. Therefore I will sing this song
• ·         This dress is make from good material moreoverthis dress is so beautiful and smooth. Therefore this dress so expensive 
• ·         Walking to school Is  good. Furthermore it keeps us healthy and fresh 
• ·         Not many people are interested in watching the drama. Consequently, the committee canceled it.
• ·         The cassava tastes good. Moreover, it is healthy.Therefore, I often eat it.
• ·         We should not eat fast food every day. In addition ,it is expensive.  consequently, it can make us fatter 
• ·         The winter is so cold. Therefore, I wear a shawl
• ·         Not many people are interested   in watching Billy’s drama. Consequently, Billy so sad when know that
• ·         Lucy winning the singing contest . Therefore, she’s very happy now 

GRANTING REQUEST

GRANTING REQUEST  

Granting request is expression to give somebody permission to do something

 Examples request

• ·         may i borrow your biology notes now?
• ·         Excuse me. may i go to the toilet, ma'am?
• ·         can i use your pen for a minute, please?
• ·         do you mind if i ask you to drive me to the bookstore?
  
  
  Examples Granting Request
  
  
• ·         Sure here you are.
• ·         yes, you may. 
• ·         certaintly. it's almost finished anyway. 
• ·         sure. just be careful
• ·         Of course, you can.
• ·         not at all. we're going the same way.